Ships require a very broad range of antennas.  This ranges from simple HF antennas through to complex radar and EW antennas.  Due to their critical functions the performance of these antennas need to be optimised. The limited space available on the upper deck leads to challenges for optimal antenna placement.

Typical issues of concern are:

• Radiation pattern analysis of communication antennas (HF, V/UHF)
  
• Pattern distortion of higher frequency antennas (IFF, Inmarsat, Satcom, Radar, Electronic Warfare) due to shielding by adjacent structures
  
• Antenna coupling or interference
  
• Near-fields from Radiation Hazard (RADHAZ, Personnel, Fuel, Explosives) point of view.